• How does a nuclear power plant work?

    Every nuclear power plant is based on a controlled nuclear chain reaction. On this page, the Russian type VVER compressed water reactor, one of the most widely used types in the world.
    It is produced from nuclear fuel uranium ore for nuclear power plants. Cevherden natural Uranium-238 (U238) is extracted and enriched with special technologies to include Uranium-235 (U235) isotopu with special technologies and made it suitable for use in thermal neutron reactors such as VVER. Fuel is produced in 9 to 12 mm high and 7,6 mm diameter-riched uranium pellets.

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    pellets,

    zirconium alloy is placed in a special tube (fuel rod). This material is not randomly selected: Zirconium shows high resistance to radiation-borne creep and corrosion, and does not create a considerable effect on the course of nuclear reaction. The length of a fuel bar is 3,7 meters.

    Uranium pellets are passed through a sintering process at about 1650°C before being placed into the zirconia alloy tube. During this process, uranium dioxide acquires ceramic properties that allow a fraction of radionuclites in fuel to be kept in fuel. Therefore, fuel pellets serve as the first security.

  • Combined with 312 tube hexagonal cages, a fuel bundle Home created. The envelope produced from the zirconia of fuel bars, the spark of radioactive substances Tags is the second security barrier that prevents the outside of the bundle. Reactor 163 pcs are loaded from these bundles.
    • 700wagon

      stone coal is equivalent to a fuel bundle in terms of energy density.

    • 1grams

      Uranium is enough to achieve 1 MW*day energy (86,4 GJ thermal energy or about 10,000 kWh electrical energy).

  • VVER-1200 is a generation model of Russian-type compressed water reactors.

    The design and operation experience of the previous VVER generations.
    • %20

      20% increase in electrical power compared to VVER-1000 reactors with the same reactor container sizes.

    • 60 years

      The service life is increased from 30 years to 60 years and it is possible to extend this time more than 20 years ( compared to VVER-1000 reactor)

    The nuclear fuel reactor is installed in protection. The reactor can work up to 1.5 years with a single fuel loading.

  • A controlled nuclear reaction occurs based on the division of uranium atoms in the reactor protection.

  • The result of nuclear filament (section) reveals a large amount of energy. This energy is heatd from the reactor under pressure of 16,2 MPa to 328,8 °C.

    The circulation of the cooling water is provided with four strong main circulation pumps in the closed and sealed primary circuit.

    These pumps are 87.460 m3 primary circuit cooling per hour water through the reactor.

    The hot water from the reactor enters the steam generator, and it causes water to boil and steam production by transferring the heat into the secondary circuit.

    The two-circuits of the structure ensure that the circuits are completely isolated from each other, which means that the water inside the reactor does not physically contact with the water inside the steam generators and heat transfer it to him through the heat exchange surface. This prevents radioactive water from leakage out of primary circuit.

    The generated steam is delivered to the turbine from large steam lines and returns the shaft of the energy steam turbine here.

    The return of the steam turbine shaft is delivered to a electric generator, which produces rotary electricity.

  • %38
    Semi-speed, high efficiency (up to 38%) turbines are used in these types of plants. When combined with an economical and reliable generator, the turbine plant is located among the highest in the world.

  • The power generated by the generator is transferred to the booster transformers, then transferred to the switchgear device through the gas insulated current lines and from there to the grid.

    Distribution and transmission of electricity to consumers is carried out by electrical management company.

    Thus, in a nuclear power plant, nuclear energy thermal energy, thermal energy mechanical energy and mechanical energy are also produced by transforming into electrical energy.